NASA’s Mars rover has discovered fresh signs of life on the red planet, such as free-flowing water and conditions conducive to sustaining living organisms. Scientists have identified 24 minerals in the Jezero Crater that suggest past volcanic rocks were altered by water interactions, indicating habitable environments existed multiple times throughout Mars’ history. The study, led by Rice University, reveals that the crater underwent distinct episodes of fluid alteration, supporting the possibility of life-friendly conditions.
The Jezero Crater, where NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently located, was once an ancient lake and river delta, as indicated by the rover’s findings. By utilizing the Mineral Identification by Stoichiometry (MIST) algorithm and the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), researchers were able to analyze the mineral composition in the crater. Different minerals found in the region, ranging from iron-rich greenalite to sepiolite formed under various water conditions, suggest a transition from harsh, acidic fluids to more neutral and alkaline environments over time, potentially suitable for life.
While some minerals formed under extreme conditions are less favorable for life, others like sepiolite point to more hospitable settings. The ongoing research not only enhances our understanding of Mars’ geological history but also lays the groundwork for future exploration and potential sample return missions.